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Scottish Gaelic personal naming system
A formal Gaelic language name consists of a given name and a surname. First names are either native or nativized (i.e. borrowed and made to fit the Gaelic sound system). Surnames are generally patronymic, i.e. they refer to a historical ancestor. The form of a surname varies according to whether its bearer is male (e.g. ''MacDhòmhnaill'' "MacDonald") or female (e.g. ''NicDhòmhnaill'' "MacDonald") though for some surnames the adjectival form of a name such as ''Dòmhnallach'' (adjectival form of MacDonald) can be used for both men and women.
==First names==
Gaelic first names chiefly hail from 5 linguistic layers, Goidelic and 4 others, coinciding with the main languages of contact: Latin, Norse, Anglo-Norman and Scots.〔Thomson, Derick (ed.) ''The Companion to Gaelic Scotland'' (1994) Gairm ISBN 1-871901-31-6〕 Unusually, male first names outnumber female first names by about a factor of 2:1.〔Morgan, P. ''Ainmean Chloinne'' (1994) Taigh na Teud ISBN 1-871931-40-1〕
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